In this Kyiv Post exclusive, Jason Jay Smart engages with Professor Gerdes—host of Professor Gerdes Explains—to dissect the strategic crossroads facing Ukraine and Europe. They delve into the potential for new U.S. sanctions, Europe’s role in supporting Ukraine, and the possible reactions from Putin. Professor Gerdes provides a sharp analysis of the evolving security landscape, realistic post-war guarantees for Ukraine, and the contrasting leadership styles of Trump, Zelensky, and Putin. The discussion also covers the surge in arms manufacturing within Ukraine and Europe, highlighting initiatives like Technology United for Ukraine. Finally, they explore the limited post-war options available to Russia and the challenging choices Moscow may soon face.